Cooking Measurement Conversions

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 Need to convert cooking units or substitute baking ingredients? Refer to the tables below or try one of the online conversion tools.

Abbreviations
oz = ounce(s)      fl oz = fluid ounce(s)      lb = pound(s)       ml = milliliter(s)

Cooking Unit Conversions

Note that the measurement conversions in the table below work perfectly for liquids, but not for solids. For example, a cup of flour weights only 4 or 5 ounces than 8.  For solid ingredients, refer to Ingredient-based Cooking Unit Conversions

1 dash = 1/8 teaspoon
1 pinch =1/16 teaspoon
1 smidgen = 1/32 teaspoon
1 pound = 16 ounces
1 quart = 2 pints
1 gallon = 4 quarts
Teaspoon Tablespoon Cup
1 teaspoon = 1/3 tablespoons = 1/6 fl oz
2 teaspoon = 2/3 tablespoons = 1/3 fl oz
3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon = 1/2 fl oz
1 tablespoon = 1/16 cup = 1/2 fl oz = 15ml
2 tablespoons = 1/8 cup = 1 fl oz = 30 ml
3 tablespoons = 3/16 cup = 1 1/2 fl oz = 44 ml
4 tablespoons = 1/4 cup = 2 fl oz = 59 ml
6 tablespoons = 3/8 cup = 3 fl oz = 89 ml
8 tablespoons = 1/2 cup = 4 fl oz = 118 ml
16 tablespoons = 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 237 ml
1/8 cup = 2 tablespoons = 1 fl oz = 30 ml
1/4 cup = 4 tablespoons = 2 fl oz = 59 ml
1/2 cup = 8 tablespoons = 4 fl oz = 118 ml
1 cup = 16 tablespoons = 8 fl oz = 237 ml
2 cups =1 pint = 1/2 quart = 16 fl oz = 473 ml
4 cups = 2 pints = 1 quart = 32 oz = 946 ml
16 cups = 8 pints = 4 quarts = 1 gallon = 64 fl oz = 3785 ml

Imperial vs Metric

Capacity  Weight 
1 ml1/5 teaspoon1 gram.035 oz
5 ml1 teaspoon14 grams0.5 oz
15 ml1 tablespoon28 grams1 oz
30 ml1 fl oz56 grams2 oz
100 ml3.4 fl oz85 grams3 oz
237 ml1 cup = 0.24 liter100 grams3.5 oz
473 ml2 cups (1 pint)150 grams5.29 oz
0.95 liter 4 cups (1 quart)200 grams7 oz
1 liter4.2 cups = 2.1 pints = 1.06 quarts = 0.26 gallon 454 grams1 lb
3.8 liter4 quarts (1 gallon)500 grams1.10 lb
1 kilogram 2 lb 3 oz

Temperature

To convert temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 and multiply by  5/9.  For example, (100°F – 32) * 5/9 = 38°C
To convert temperatures in degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiple by 9/5 and add 32.  For example, (50°C * 9/5) + 32 = 122°F

Fahrenheit (°F)Celsius (°C)Gas MarkDescription
70 20Room temperature
90 30Lukewarm
115 45Simmer
225 110 1/4Very cool
250 130 1/2
275 140 1Cool
300 150 2
325 170 3Very moderate
350 180 4Moderate
375 190 5
400 200 6Moderate Hot
425 220 7Hot
450 230 8
475 240 9Very hot

Baking Ingredient Substitutions

Baking IngredientUnitSubstitutions  
Arrowroot1 tablespoon1 tablespoon cornstarch or potato starch OR
2 tablespoons all purpose flour
Baking powder1 tablespoon2 teaspoon baking soda + 1 teaspoon cream of tartar
Bread Crumbs, Dry1 cup1 cup crushed cracker crumbs, crushed cornflakes, or ground oats
Butter1 cup1/2 lb butter OR
2 sticks of butter OR
7/8 cup shortening + 1/2 teaspoon salt
Buttermilk1 cup1 scant cup milk at room temperature + 1 tablespoon white vinegar
Cake flour1 cup7/8 cup all-purpose flour + 1/8 cup cornstarch
Cheese, granted1 cup1/4 lb cheese
Chocolate, unsweetened1 oz (1 square)3 tablespoon unsweetemed cocoa + 1 tablespoon butter
Cornstarch (for thickening)1 tablespoon2 tablespoon all purpose flour OR
1 tablespoon potato starch, rice starch, or arrowroot
Corn Syrup1 cupBoil 1 cup sugar with 1/4 cup water over low heat until syrupy
Cream, heavy1 cup3/4 cup whole milk + 1/3 cup butter
Cream, light1 cup7/8 cup milk + 3 tablespoon butter
Cream, half & half1 cup1 cup whole milk + 1 1/2 tablespoon butter
Cream, sour1 cup1 cup yogurt, (whole milk preferred)
Cream of Tartar1/2 teaspoon1/2 teaspoon white vinegar or lemon juice
Egg1 cup5 large eggs or 7 egg whites or 13 egg yorks
Flour, self-rising1 cup1 cup flour + 1 1/4 teaspoon baking soda
Flour, white, sifted4 cups3 cup whole wheat sifted
Honey1 cupBoil 1 1/4 cup sugar with 1/4 cup water over low heat
Lemon Zest1 teaspoon1 teaspoon orange or lime zest OR
1/2 teaspoon lemon extract
Molasses1 cupBoil 3/4 cup sugar with 1/4 cup water over low heat until syrupy
Sugar1 cup1 1/8 brown sugar OR
1 3/4 cup unsifted powdered sugar OR
2 1/4 cup sifted powdered sugar
Sugar, Brown1 cup1 cup white sugar + 3 tablespoon molasses
Sugar, Powdered1 cup1 table granulated sugar + 1/2 cup honey

Online Conversion Tools